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|national_anthem = |official_languages = Spanish〔 |regional_languages = Kichwa (Quichua), Shuar & others "are in official use for indigenous peoples"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador )〕 |demonym = Ecuadorian |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = |capital = Quito |latd=00 |latm=9 |latNS=S |longd=78 |longm=21 |longEW=W |largest_city = Guayaquil |government_type = Unitary presidential constitutional republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Rafael Correa |leader_title2 = Vice President |leader_name2 = Jorge Glas |legislature = National Assembly |area_rank = 75th |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 283,560a |area_sq_mi = 109,484 |percent_water = 5 |population_estimate = 16,144,000〔("United Nations World population prospects" )(PDF) 2015 revision〕 |population_estimate_rank = 65th |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_census = 14,483,499〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ecuadorian census held on November 28, 2010 )〕 |population_census_year = 2010 |population_density_km2 = 58.95 |population_density_sq_mi = 152.69 |population_density_rank = 151st |GDP_PPP = $180.216 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ecuador )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2014 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $11,244〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $100.755 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank =64th |GDP_nominal_year = 2014 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $6,286〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |sovereignty_type = Independence |established_event1 = Declared |established_date1 = August 10, 1809 |established_event2 = from Spain |established_date2 = May 24, 1822 |established_event3 = |established_date3 = May 13, 1830 |established_event4 = Recognized |established_date4 = February 16, 1830 |established_event5 = Current constitution |established_date5 = September 28, 2008 |Gini_year = 2012 |Gini_change = decrease |Gini = 46.6 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.711 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 98th |currency = United States dollarb |currency_code = USD |country_code = |time_zone = ECTGALT |utc_offset = −5−6 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = right |calling_code = +593 |cctld = .ec |footnote_a = Including Galápagos. |footnote_b = Sucre until 2000, replaced by the US$ and Ecuadorian centavo coins. }} Ecuador ( , ), officially the Republic of Ecuador (, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"), is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about west of the mainland. What is now Ecuador was home to a variety of indigenous groups that were gradually incorporated into the Inca Empire during the fifteenth century. The territory was colonized by Spain during the sixteenth century, achieving independence in 1820 as part of Gran Colombia, from which it emerged as its own sovereign state in 1830. The legacy of both empires is reflected in Ecuador's ethnically diverse population, with most of its 15.2 million people being mestizos, followed by large minorities of European, Amerindian, and African descendants. Spanish is the official language and is spoken by a majority of the population, though thirteen indigenous languages are also recognized, including Quichua and Shuar. The capital city is Quito, while the largest city is Guayaquil. In reflection of the country's rich cultural heritage, the historical center of Quito was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 City of Quito )〕 Cuenca, the third-largest city, was also declared a World Heritage Site in 1999 as an outstanding example of a planned, inland Spanish-style colonial city in the Americas. Ecuador has a developing economy that is highly dependent on commodities, namely petroleum and agricultural products. The country is classified as a medium-income country. Ecuador is a democratic presidential republic. The new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable Rights of Nature, or ecosystem rights.〔, Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund. Retrieved September 7, 2009.〕 Ecuador is also known for its rich ecology, hosting many endemic plants and animals, such as those of the Galápagos Islands. It is one of seventeen megadiverse countries in the world,.〔, Conservation.org (September 16, 2003).〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oficialmente Ecuador es el país de las orquídeas- Noticias de Cuenca - Azuay - Ecuador - Eltiempo de Cuenca )〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ecuador」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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